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This meme is oversimplified for entertainment purposes. In 1453, the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and transformed the political balance of Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. The city had been a major center of Christianity, trade, and learning for more than a thousand years. Its conquest influenced European politics, Ottoman expansion, and later developments in Renaissance scholarship and exploration. Meanwhile, in Australia and New Zealand, Indigenous societies were following very different historical paths. Aboriginal Australians had lived across Australia for tens of thousands of years, developing complex systems of law, trade, spirituality, land management, and cultural knowledge. Māori communities in New Zealand had established settlements, agriculture, fishing networks, and distinct political and cultural traditions after Polynesian settlement centuries earlier. Hunting and gathering remained important in many communities, but describing these societies as having “nothing happening” overlooks their achievements and ongoing histories. The contrast is really about what gets recorded in conventional history books. European history often focuses on empires, wars, and changes of government, while Indigenous histories are frequently overlooked because their knowledge and traditions were often transmitted orally rather than through the written records European historians traditionally prioritized. Lowkey, Constantinople was falling while Indigenous Australians and Māori were building and maintaining their own worlds. History was happening everywhere, just not always in the same way. 💀

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disclaimer the weapons that are shown in the clip are properties not real. During the Battle of Otumba on July 7, 1520, Hernán Cortés and his exhausted Spanish forces faced a much larger Aztec army after escaping Tenochtitlan. Spanish firearms, including matchlock arquebuses, gave them an advantage through their loud reports, smoke, and ability to inflict serious injuries. However, these weapons were slow to reload and less effective in close combat, so they could not defeat the Aztec army on their own. Spanish artillery and crossbows also contributed to the expedition’s firepower, while cavalry charges disrupted Aztec formations on the open battlefield. Cortés’s forces reportedly targeted the Aztec commander, Matlatzincátzin, whose death and the loss of his standard helped trigger the Aztec withdrawal. The exact contribution of firearms to this particular battle is difficult to establish, and historians generally emphasize the combined effects of cavalry, battlefield tactics, and the commander’s death rather than guns alone.

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When Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, European countries reacted differently. Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, but Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg initially tried to remain neutral. They feared becoming the next targets of a rapidly expanding German military. Scandinavia had different experiences. Sweden remained neutral throughout the war, while Denmark and Norway were invaded by Germany in April 1940. Denmark surrendered quickly, but Norway resisted with Allied assistance for several weeks before German forces gained control. The Benelux countries also hoped neutrality would protect them. Belgium and the Netherlands had stayed out of World War I initially, but Germany invaded both in May 1940, along with Luxembourg. The Netherlands surrendered after several days, Belgium continued fighting for weeks, and Luxembourg was occupied. Their experience showed that neutrality alone could not guarantee safety from German expansion. Lowkey, they watched Poland get invaded and hoped neutrality would keep them safe, but Germany came knocking on their doors next.

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